Izinqwaba zamashidi ensimbi ezisetshenziselwa umsebenzi wesisekelo ngokuvamile zakha udonga olubambayo oluqhubekayo noma olulawula amanzi eduze kwendawo yokumba, umsele noma i-cofferdam. Indima yabo eyinhloko ngokuvamile inhlabathi engemuva noma ukugcinwa kwamanzi esikhundleni sokuthwala imithwalo yesakhiwo efanayo eqondile njengenqwaba yesisekelo esivamile. Ukuze uthole ikhotheshini ewusizo, abathengi badinga idizayini egunyaziwe echaza isigaba senqwaba yamashidi, izinga lensimbi, ubude, izidingo zokukhiya, inani kanye nezimo zokufakwa. Ukujula kokumba kukodwa akwanele ukunquma ubude benqwaba edingekayo noma ingxenye.

Uhlu lwe-MGTSP izinqwaba zeshidi lensimbi eligoqiwe elishisayo yokugcina, i-cofferdam kanye namaphrojekthi asekela ukumba. Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza imininingwane yobuchwepheshe abathengi okufanele bayiqoqe kunjiniyela futhi baqinisekise nomphakeli ngaphambi kokufaka i-oda.

Yiziphi Izinqwaba Zeshidi Lensimbi Zisetshenziselwa Umsebenzi Wesisekelo?

Inqwaba yeshidi lensimbi inemiphetho enomumo ehlangana nezinqwaba eziseduze ngokusebenzisa izingidi. Eqhutshwa noma efakwe ngendlela elandelanayo, lawa maphrofayili akha udonga oluqhubekayo. Ngokuya ngomklamo, udonga lungakwazi ukumelana nokucindezela komhlaba ongasemuva, lusize ukulawula ukungena kwamanzi nokusekela izindawo zokusebenza zesikhashana noma unomphela. Udonga oluqhubekayo alusho ngokuzenzakalelayo udonga olungangeni manzi ngokugcwele, futhi akufanele luthathwe njengokuthatha indawo yesistimu yokuthela isisekelo eklanyelwe.

Ukumba kanye Nokwesekwa Kwemisele

Ukunqwabelanisa amashidi kungase kusekele inhlabathi ezungeze umgodi wesisekelo noma ukumbiwa kwendawo lapho imithambeka evulekile ingafaneleki. Ukunyakaza kwezindonga, izakhiwo ezizungezile, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nokulandelana kokumba okuhleliwe konke kuthonya umklamo. Ezinye izindonga nazo zidinga ama-struts, ama-waler noma amahange; iphrofayili yensimbi iyodwa ayisunguli ukujula kokumba okuphephile okungasekelwe.

Ama-Cofferdam kanye Nemisebenzi Yokulawula Amanzi

Izinqwaba ezixhumene zingakha umjikelezo wedamu lesikhashana lomsebenzi eduze namanzi. Ukuvuza kuncike esimweni sokuxhuma, ingcindezi ye-hydrostatic, izimo zomhlabathi kanye nanoma yiziphi izinyathelo zokuvala. Abathengi kufanele basungule uhlelo oluvumelekile lokuvuza nokulawula amanzi kuphrojekthi kunokucacisa “izinqwaba zamashidi angangeni manzi” ngaphandle kwemibandela yokwamukelwa.

Okwesikhashana vs Permanent Sheet-Pile Walls

Izindonga zesikhashana ziphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokususwa, ukusetshenziswa kabusha kanye nomonakalo wokwakhiwa. Imisebenzi ehlala njalo igcizelela kakhulu impilo yedizayini, ukuchayeka kokugqwala kanye nokufinyelela ekuhlolweni. Isigaba esikhona singacatshangelwa kunoma yisiphi isicelo kuphela uma ukwakheka kwephrojekthi kanye nesimo sempahla sikuvumela.

Iyiphi Ingxenye Yenqwaba Yeshidi Lensimbi Okufanele Uyikhethe?

Uhlobo lwesigaba kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zinquma ukuthi udonga lwenqwaba yeshidi lungaklanywa kanjani. Isinqumo sobunjiniyela sisekelwe kumthwalo womhlaba namanzi, ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo, i-geometry efakiwe kanye nezingqinamba zesayithi, hhayi esigabeni esibukeka sisinda nje.

Izigaba U-Type kanye no-Z-Type

Izinqwaba zeshidi lohlobo lwe-U kanye nohlobo lwe-Z ziyijiyometri evamile enezindawo zokukhiya ezihlukene kanye nezakhiwo zesigaba. Qhathanisa ububanzi bodonga obusebenzayo, ukuhlelwa kwe-interlock, ukuphatha kanye namanani esigaba sokuklama usebenzisa itafula eligunyaziwe lomkhiqizi othile. Ilebula yohlobo olujwayelekile ayiqinisekisi amaphrofayili angashintshana kubo bonke abahlinzeki.

I-Modulus Yesigaba Nokuqina Kokugoba

I-modulus yesigaba isetshenziswa lapho kuhlolwa izingcindezi zokugoba, kuyilapho umzuzu wesibili wendawo uhlobene nokuqina kwe-flexural. Ziyizakhiwo ezahlukene. Onjiniyela bephrojekthi bacacisa izakhiwo zesigaba ezamukelekayo ezisekelwe ekwakhiweni kodonga kanye nendlela yokuklama efanele. Umthengi kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi amanani ashiwo ngenqwaba eyodwa noma imitha yodonga olufakiwe.

Ububanzi Nesisindo Esisebenzayo Ngemitha ngayinye

Ububanzi obusebenzayo bunquma ukuthi zingaki izingcezu ezidingekayo ngobude obunikeziwe bodonga. Isisindo seyunithi sithinta izilinganiso zamathani okuthunyelwa, ukuhlelwa kwe-crane nokuphatha. Qinisekisa ububanzi obujwayelekile nobusebenzayo, isisindo seyunithi, ukubekezelelana nokuhambisana nokukhiya ngaphambi kokubala i-oda kusuka kubude bodonga kuphela.

Ipharamitha	Kungani kubalulekile	Ubani okufanele akuqinisekise
Uhlobo lwesigaba nokuqokwa	I-Interlock geometry kanye nobunikazi besigaba	Unjiniyela kanye nomphakeli
I-modulus yesigaba	Ukugoba ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi	Unjiniyela wokuklama
Umzuzu wesibili wendawo	Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwezindonga	Unjiniyela wokuklama
Ububanzi obusebenzayo	Isibalo sokubalwa kweziqephu	Umphakeli nomthengi
I-unit mass	Ukuhlelwa kokuthutha nokuphakamisa	Umphakeli kanye nosonkontileka

Kunqunywa Kanjani Ubude Benqwaba Yeshidi Nokushumeka?

Uzwane lwenqwaba yeshidi ngokuvamile ludlulela ngaphansi kwezinga lokumba ukuze lisize ukuhlanganisa ukumelana nenhlabathi kanye nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuzinza. Ukushumeka kwayo okudingekile kuwumphumela wedizayini ye-geotechnical, hhayi amaphesenti angashintshi okujula okubonakalayo kokumba.

Izimo zomhlabathi kanye namanzi angaphansi komhlaba

Ukwendlaleka komhlabathi, amandla namanzi angaphansi komhlaba kuthinta ingcindezi nokumelana nezinhlangothi zombili zodonga. Unjiniyela angase adinge ukuthi ahlole i-seepage, ukuphakamisa, ukubhobhoza, ukuqina kwe-basal kanye nemiphumela emisebenzini engumakhelwane. Ubude benqwaba yensimbi esebenza endaweni eyodwa yomhlabathi bungase bunganeli kwenye indawo.

I-Earth Pressure kanye Nokuhlelwa Kokusekela

Ijiyomethri yodonga iyashintsha uma izinsimbi noma amahange afakiwe. Izigaba zokumba nazo zishintsha indlela yokulayisha ngesikhathi sokwakha. Ngakho-ke usonkontileka kufanele athenge izigaba nobude ngokumelene nomklamo wesiteji ogunyaziwe, kunokuba acabange ukuthi ingxenye yesitoko eside kunazo zonke iyinketho ephephe kakhulu noma eyonga kakhulu.

Izithiyo Zokushayela Nokuphatha

Imishini yokushayela etholakalayo, ukufinyelela, imikhawulo yokudlidliza nezithiyo kunganquma ukuthi iphrofayili ingafakwa yini. Qinisekisa ubude bokulethwa, izindawo zokubamba, okokusebenza kokuphakamisa nokuthi ngabe imiphi imininingwane ye-splice eklanyelwe yini. Umdwebo wokuthenga kufanele uhambisane nohlelo lokufaka.

Iliphi Ibanga Lensimbi, Amazinga kanye Nokubekezelelana Okubalulekile?

Amabanga ensimbi namazinga omkhiqizo kufanele afane nencazelo yephrojekthi. I-MGTSP Ikhasi lomkhiqizo wenqwaba yeshidi lensimbi ibala izibonelo ezivela emindenini yamaShayina, i-ASTM, i-EN kanye ne-JIS, kanye nezinketho zobude obujwayelekile. Lezi izinkomba zekhathalogi, akusona isiqinisekiso sokuthi lonke ibanga noma ubude buyatholakala ekuthunyelweni okuthile.

Isibonelo, i-EN 10248 ihlotshaniswa nokunqwabelana kweshidi eligoqelwe ngokushisayo, kanti amanye amadokhumenti angabusa ukunqwabelanisa okwakhiwa ngokubanda noma izidingo zensimbi. Uhlelo olujwayelekile olusebenzayo kanye nemithetho yokwamukela kufanele ishiwo ku-RFQ. Ungalokothi uhlanganise ukuqokwa kwebanga kanye nethebula le-dimensional kumasistimu angahlobene ngaphandle kwemvume yobunjiniyela.

• Ibanga: Khomba isivuno esicacisiwe nezinye izakhiwo ezidingekayo ezisebenza ngaphansi kwezinga langempela lomkhiqizo.
• Ijometri: Hlola ukuqokwa kwephrofayela, ububanzi obusebenzayo, ubukhulu kanye nokubekezelelana okucacisiwe.
• Ubude: Yisho ubude obudingekayo bokusika kanye nokwehluka okuvumelekile.
• Indawo nokuvikela: Cacisa ukuthi kudingeka isigayo sokuqeda, ukunamathela noma isilinganiso sokugqwala esengeziwe.
• Ukuhlola: Vumelana ukuthi yimaphi amarekhodi abalulekile kanye nobukhulu obudingekayo ekuthunyelweni ngakunye.

Yini Okufanele Abathengi Bayihlole Ngama-Interlocks Nokufakwa?

I-interlock yiyona evumela amaphrofayili ngamanye ukuthi enze udonga olulodwa oluqhubekayo. Ukuxhumana okulimele noma okungahambelani kungathinta ukufakwa, ukuqondanisa nokuvuza. Hlola ukuthi zonke izinqwaba ngokulandelana kwazo zisebenzisa iphrofayili ehlosiwe ehambisanayo, futhi ucacise ukuthi izingcezu zamakhona, izinguquko noma izinhlelo zokujoyina ezikhethekile ziyadingeka.

Amasheke abonakalayo kufanele amboze ukugoba ngokweqile, ukusonteka, imiphetho eyonakele kanye nezimpawu zokubamba. Lokhu kuhlola akuthathi indawo yokubekezelela kwenkontileka noma inqubo yokwamukela isayithi. Amaphrojekthi okulawula amanzi angase adinge i-sealant ehlukene noma ukwelashwa kwamalunga, okusekelwe inqubo eqondene nephrojekthi.

Ilungiswa Kanjani Inqwaba Yeshidi Lensimbi I-RFQ Yemiklamo Yesisekelo

I-MGTSP ihlanganisa izinqwaba zeshidi lensimbi kuyo izigaba zensimbi ububanzi. Kuphrojekthi yesisekelo saphesheya kwezilwandle, indawo yokuqala engcono kakhulu ishejuli yesigaba esivunyiwe sikanjiniyela kanye nohlelo lokufakwa kukasonkontileka.

Inkambu ye-RFQ	Ulwazi oludingekayo
Isicelo	Ukumbiwa kwesikhashana, udonga olubambayo unomphela noma i-cofferdam
Imibhalo yokuklama	Imidwebo egunyaziwe, ukuqokwa kwesigaba kanye nezakhiwo ezidingekayo
Okubalulekile	Ibanga lensimbi, izinga kanye nokubuyekezwa
Ijiyomethri	Ubukhulu bephrofayela, ububanzi obusebenzayo kanye nohlobo lokuhlangana
Ubude nenani	Ubude ngesiqephu, inombolo yezingcezu noma amanani abaliwe
Ukuvikelwa	Ukuqedwa kwendawo, imvume yokugqwala noma ukucaciswa kokunamathela lapho kudingeka
Ukuhlolwa nokulethwa	Amadokhumenti, ukupakisha, izingqinamba zokulayisha kanye nendawo yephrojekthi

Cela umphakeli ukuthi aqinisekise ukuthi ukushintshwa okuhlongozwayo kuyayigcina yini indawo edingekayo yesigaba sikanjiniyela kanye nokuhambisana kwe-interlock. Ungavumeli ukushintshwa kuphela ngoba isamba samathoni sibonakala sifana.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Ingabe izinqwaba zamashidi ensimbi ziyefana nezinqwaba zesisekelo esithwala umthwalo?

Cha. Izinqwaba zamashidi zivame ukukhethwa ukuze zakhe izindonga ezibambayo noma ezilawula amanzi. Eminye imiklamo ingase iwasebenzise ngokwesakhiwo ngezinye izindlela, kodwa ukusetshenziswa okunjalo kudinga umklamo othile wobunjiniyela futhi akushiwo igama elithi “inqwaba.”

Ingabe izinqwaba zamashidi zingasetshenziswa kabusha ngemva komsebenzi wokumba wesikhashana?

Kwesinye isikhathi, inqobo nje uma umklamo uvumela ukukhishwa futhi inqwaba ngayinye etholiwe ihlolelwa umonakalo wengxenye, ukuguquguquka, isimo sokuxhumanisa kanye nokufaneleka kwephrojekthi elandelayo.

Ingabe inqwaba yamashidi ihlangana namanzi ngokuphelele?

Hhayi ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ukungena kwamanzi kuncike ekulinganeni kwamalungu, ukufakwa, izimo ze-hydraulic kanye nanoma iyiphi isistimu yokuvala ecacisiwe. Imibandela yokuvuza idinga ukuvumelana ngephrojekthi yangempela.

Ukucatshangelwa Kokugcina Okukhethiwe

Ukunqwabelanisa amashidi omsebenzi wesisekelo kufanele kuxhume idizayini ye-geotechnical nokuhleleka kwempahla okunembayo. Qinisekisa izakhiwo zesigaba, izinga lensimbi, ubude, ijometri ehlanganyelwe kanye nezingqinamba zokwakha ngaphambi kokucela amanani. Ukuxoxa ngokutholakala kanye nemibhalo, yabelana ngohlelo lwakho olugunyaziwe lwenqwaba yeshidi kanye nezidingo zokulethwa ne-MGTSP.