Nā huahana

Kuʻekuʻe kila kila me ka laumania wela-hana curvature, corrosion kū'ē, a me ka paʻa puʻe hana no ka kemikala, kai, ventila, meaʻai, a me pharmaceutical paipu.

ʻO ke kuʻekuʻe lima 180-degere ke kila kalapona no ka hoʻolālā pipeline U-turn, e hāʻawi ana i ka ikaika i hana ʻia me ka wela, ka mānoanoa pā like ʻole, nā bevel mākaukau weld, a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka ʻoihana.

ʻO ke kila kila 90-degere kuʻekuʻe lima ʻole no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kuhikuhi o ka pipeline, me ka curvature i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka wela, ke kūpaʻa puʻupuʻu, a me nā ana kūpono ASME.

ʻO ke kila kila 45-degere kuʻekuʻe lima ʻole no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka paipu laina haʻahaʻa, e hāʻawi ana i ke kūpaʻa kahe haʻahaʻa, paʻa paʻa, a me nā ana kaila ASME mākaukau weld.